System Rules – A collection of JUnit rules for testing code that uses java.lang.System. JUnit Toolbox - Provides runners for parallel testing, a PoolingWait class to ease asynchronous testing, and a WildcardPatternSuite which allow you to specify wildcard patterns instead of explicitly listing all classes when you create a suite class. The MediaPipe Android Archive (AAR) library is a convenient way to use MediaPipe with Android Studio and Gradle. MediaPipe doesn't publish a general AAR that can be used by all projects. Instead, developers need to add a mediapipeaar target to generate a custom AAR file for their own projects.
Espresso Introduction
Espresso is an open source instrumentation Testing framework made available by Google for the ease of UI Testing.
It is used to automate manual test case for android application.
Espresso automatically syncronizes your test actions with the ui of your application.The framework also ensures that your activity is started before the tests run.It also let the test wait until all observed background activities have finished.
The main components of Espresso include the following:
- Espresso – Entry point to interactions with views (via onView() and onData()). Also exposes APIs that are not necessarily tied to any view, such as pressBack().
- ViewMatchers –(Match a view) Allows you to find view in the current view hierarchy.
- ViewActions – (Perform an action)Allows you to perform an action on a
View.
- ViewAssertions – (Assert and verify the result)Check the state of the
View
to see if it reflects the expected state or behavior defined by the assertion.
Example:
Espresso setup instructions
To use Espresso, you must already have the Android Support Repository installed with Android Studio. You may also need to configure Espresso in your project.
Check for the Android Support Repository1. Open the project in Android Studio, and choose Tools > Android > SDK Manager.
The Android SDK Default Preferences pane appears.
2. Click the SDK Tools tab and expand Support Repository.
3. Look for Android Support Repository in the list.
If Installed appears in the Status column then click Cancel.
If Not installed or Update Availableappears, click the checkbox next to Android Support Repository. A download icon should appear next to the checkbox. Click OK.
4. Click OK again, and then Finish when the support repository has been installed.
Configure Espresso for the projectWhen you start a project for the phone and tablet form factor using API 15: Android 4.0.3 (Ice Cream Sandwich) as the minimum SDK, Android Studio automatically includes the dependencies you need to use Espresso.
If you have created your project in a previous version of Android Studio, you may have to add the dependencies and instrumentation runner yourself. To add the dependencies yourself, follow these steps:
- Open your project in Android Studio in which you want to configure Espresso .
- Open the build.gradle (Module: app) file.
- Check if the following is included (along with other dependencies) in the dependencies section:
If the file doesn't include the above dependency statements, enter them into the dependencies section.
- Android Studio also adds the following instrumentation statement to the end of the defaultConfig section of a new project:
If the file doesn't include the above instrumentation statement, enter it at the end of the defaultConfig section.
- If you modified the build.gradle (Module: app) file, click the Sync Now link in the notification about Gradle files in top right corner of the window.
Android phones and tablets display animations when moving between apps and screens. The animations are attractive when using the device, but they slow down performance, and may also cause unexpected results or may lead your test to fail. So it's a good idea to turn off animations on your virtual or physical devices used for testing. On your device, go to Settings > Developer options>Drawing and disable the following 3 settings:
- Window animation scale
- Transition animation scale
- Animator duration scale
Add the first test
- In android studio it is important to write instrumented functional test cases in src/androdTest/java folder and unit tests in src/Test/java.
Open your project then go to src/androidTest/java/com.c1ctech.instrumentationtestdemo(package name)->New->JavaClassgive Class Name TestClass and click on OK.
Junit 4.12 Jar
After creating the TestClass you are ready to start writing your test cases.
Run the example test
Android Studio creates a blank Espresso test class when you create the project.
- In the Project > Android pane, open java >com.c1ctech.instrumentationtestdemo(androidTest), and open ExampleInstrumentedTest.
The project is supplied with this example test. You can create as many tests as you wish in this folder.
- To run the test, right-click (or Control-click) ExampleInstrumentedTest and choose RunExampleInstrumentedTest from the pop-up menu. You can then choose to run the test on the emulator or on your device.
The Run pane at the bottom of Android Studio shows the progress of the test, and when finishes, it displays 'Tests ran to completion.' In the left column Android Studio displays 'All Tests Passed'.
I hope this tutorial will help you in understanding the basics of espresso testing and also how to do UI testing using espresso in our applications.
Related
Why is it that every time I create a new project in Android Studio, it always comes up with:
Error:(23, 17) Failed to resolve: junit:junit:4.12?
When I remove testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
in dependencies it is not a problem anymore.
build.gradle
I had the same problem. Solved by adding url for missing repository in the build.gradle
file:
That's it.
Just remove the 'testCompile ‘junit:junit:4.12′' from build.gradle file:
worked for me and I am Happy! 🙂
Remember that this is not the actual answer of this question. I mentioned this because it works when you remove above lines.
Go to File -> Project Structure. Following window will open:
From there:
- remove the junit library (select junit and press '-' button below ) and
- add it again (select '+' button below, select 'library dep.', search for 'junit', press OK ). Press OK to apply changes. After around 30 seconds your gradle sync should work fine.
Hope it works for you too 😀
It's not able to get junit library.
After adding above line inside android block in build.gradle file, it resolved problem.
This can be because your Android studio doesn't have junit library.
Probably your gradle is incomplete, I recommend you add the following
but in some cases won't work , you can completely delete it from you dependencies in your gradle.
I think it will be OK if you reinstall the android studio with the deleting gradle folder condition which is in user folder .gradle
Here is what I did to solve the same problem. I am behind a firewall, which is same issue as yours I suppose.
So I had tried removing the
but that didnt work for me.
I tried adding below lines of code:
Even that did not work for me.
I tried removing (-) and readding (+) Junit4.12 from the library dependencies under Module Settings.
Still that did not work for me.
Tried syncing and rebuilding project several times. Still did not work for me.
Finally what I did was to manually download the Junit4.12.jar file from mvnrepository website. I put this jar file in the Androids Workspace under the Project folder inside libs folder.
Then go to Module Settings > Dependencies Tab > (+) > File Dependency >
under Sleect path window, expand the ‘libs' folder and you will find the Jar file you copied inside there.
Select the File and click ‘OK'
Now remove the previous version of junit4.12 from the list of dependencies.
You should have one entry 'libsjunit-4.12.jar'
in the Dependencies list.
Now click ‘OK'.
Now Gradle will rebuild the project and you should be good to go.
Hope this helps!
I'll tryed everithing, but the only thing that helps me resolve the problem was delete the line
from the app gradel.
I received this error after creating a new project. In the build.gradle file, I had this:
I change it to the following and the error went away:
I think this is because I am behind a firewall and specifying the url like so changes it from https to http
Probably you are behind proxy. Happened to me, used my mobile tethering (no proxy) rebuild project and error disappeared. Returned to original connection (with proxy) and rebuild with no errors.
Are you using proxy? If so, the problem can be in missing network configuration for https in your gradle.properties
file.
AndroidStudio puts automatically your default proxy settings to gradle.properties
file in your project, but only for http and forgets https.
So basically your gradle.properties
file needs to contain both http and https config:
It happens because HTTPS is blocked by Proxy.
Try to change from default jcenter (which uses HTTPS) into HTTP.
Before
After
Repeat the above step for allprojects.
The error is caused by missing jar files. My simple solution is just by copying all the files that does not resolve to the C:Program FilesAndroidAndroid Studiogradlem2repository… (your file path may be different). I got around 6 dependencies that cannot be resolved, junit is one of them and the others are com and org and javax. Since I am behind a firewall, even if I added the code for the repository, the Android Studio doesn't seem to access it. I went to the maven repository and downloaded all the files that will not resolve. Problem solved and the Gradle sync without error. But I am a certified newbie with only 1 day experience so I do not not if this is the proper way to do it.
Example error:
Cannot resolve com:squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
Step 1: I created a path C:Program FilesAndroidAndroid Studiogradlem2repositorycomsquareupjavawriter2.1.1
Step 2: I downloaded all the jar files from the maven repository:
http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/squareup/javawriter/2.1.1/
Step 3: I manually downloaded all the .jar files from this directory
Download Junit 4.12 Jar For Android Studio 4.1
Step 4: I copied them to C:Program FilesAndroidAndroid Studiogradlem2repositorycomsquareupjavawriter2.1.1
I repeated this to all the files that did not resolve including the junit.
For junit, here is the directory I created:
C:Program FilesAndroidAndroid Studiogradlem2repositoryjunitjunit4.12
and then I copied the junit-4.12.jar inside this directory and the junit error disappeared.
CHANGE your build.gradle like with this, work fine for me:
added
to android
Go to File -> Project Structure -> dependency
There you will find -> junit:unit:4.12
On the right hand side ..select compile from the drop down.
Simple.. its done.
Reference Image:
Reds'
VV
My installation of Android Studio is completely offline. To resolve these kind of problems I have used the Process Monitor. It showed that a few files are missing within 'Android Studiogradlem2repository'.
I have downloaded all files from
- repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/hamcrest/hamcrest-parent/1.3/
(I can only post two links…;-))
and copied these files in 'Android Studiogradlem2repository'. You have to create the structure below 'm2repository' as it is below 'maven2'.
Maybe there are more missing files, but at this time at least Gradle build is finished without errors.
Mostly this issue will come when ever you update your SDK, at the time of project creation Gradle build fails. If you add the maven and jcenter repositories to your build.gradle(Module:app) your problem will solved.
These are the two line you have to add after
This is how your code look like after adding those two lines
I was having same problem.
1 option: Download junit 4.12.jar and copy it in your lib folder and restart android studio. Benefit u don't have to create any new project
2 option: Create a new project having a internet connections and copy all the java and XML code in the newly created project. Benefit this problem will be solved permantly
Note: Remove testCompile ‘junit:junit:4.12' line has been solved my problem.
If you are behind a proxy. Android Studio will add proxy for http to Gradle, but will not for https.
Add proxy settings for https to gradle.properties
if you faced this problem you can completely resolve it by changing :
build.gradle(project: …)
replace this
I had the same problem, but with another problem.
My other problem was that the Gradle build was too slow!
I resolved my problem by doing thisL
If you do like mdew you need to this any time you're creating your project to do this
So if you want to set default option to maven
Do this:
Go to the folder:
Then open the build.gradle.ftl
file with notepad++ or notepad
and replace all jcenter()
with mavenCentral()
.
EDIT: Why its going down voted? you don't like it?
I couldn't work out why Android Studio was not syncing with gradle. It turned out that it didn't like my VPN, so watch for that!
Go to Go to 'File' -> 'Project Structure' -> 'App'
In the tab 'properties'. In 'Library Repository' field put ‘http://repo1.maven.org/maven2‘ then press Ok.
It was fixed like that for me. Now the project is compiling.
Just connect to Internet and start Android Studio and open your project.
While Gradle Sync it will download the dependencies from Internet(All JAR Files). This solved it for me.
No Editing in Gradle file ,all was done by Android Studio Automatically.
Using Android Studio 2.2 🙂
Also don't forget to install Java JDK 1.x(7 or 8 all works fine).
I would love to suggest the solution, which perfects suitable for my situation:
at first, make sure add
to project-level build.gradle file inside the
buildscript {}
blockthen add
to project-level build.gradle file
the next point is adding
to module-level build-gradle inside
buildTypes{ }
- Be sure you are not behind a proxy!
- If you configured your Android Strudio to work with proxy be sure to
disable that option under the Android Studio preferences - Go to gradle.properties under Android view in Android Studio and
delete all proxy configuration - Sync your gradle now
- Enjoy coding!
Look through for many answers but nothing works. Fortunately had found the easy solution. No need to comment junit4.12 or delete it. The problem is here:
This part shows us the path to look for the file in the library in your's project. No idea why but for some reason by the default it is empty. In my case the path is:
Sure you can delete this line in code build.grandle(Module.app)
but you may need it later. Here is the solution:
1 – download junit-4.12.jar or copy it from you Android Studio folder, normally it should be there. In my case, it was here:
to the directory mentioned above(to your project)
2 – delete & add
3 – rebuild
4 – work hard
Tags: junit